Monday, April 30, 2012

Evolution Of Cellphones and Cellphone Subscribers




                                                                                Project    4





                                                           

                                                                              Sherrell Johnson







                                                                              Rhet   1311























                                                Evolution of Cellphones and Cellphone Subscribers



            The history of cell phones goes back to the early 1920’s. The first use of any type of phone or radio in a car was in taxis, trucks, or car with two-way radios.  As cell phones evolved over time, user subscribers grew tremendously in number and usage.   The first cell phone was used by Swedish police in 1946.  It was generally similar to a two way radio.  In 1947 an engineer from Bell Labs discovered cell phone towers which had capabilities to transmit signals in three directions.   The cell phone generation improved and became limitless as time went on.

            In 1971 AT&T submitted a request to the FCC for cellular service. It took about ten years before the request was granted.  Once granted cell phones worked only on analog frequencies.   In 1990 amps went digital and went online.  

            Motorola was the first company to come out with the first cell phone called Motorola DynaTac 800X.  The FCC finally approved this device after years of testing.  After about 15 years of development Motorola DynaTac was finally available to the public.  During this time 13 x 1.75 x 3.5 inches was considered to be lightweight and easy to carry.  These phones were shaped like tote bags and could completely cover the side of your face.   A cell phone’s main power source was the battery of the car. It was not common to have a cell phone in the early 80’s. Majority of people who had phones were doctors, lawyers, drug dealers or people who had money. The demand for cell phones would increase rapidly and the need for a phone would continue to grow.  

            During the 90’s technology for cell phones worked on 2 G or second generation.  Cell phones were operable on systems called CDMA, TDMA, and GSM. During this era the look of the cell phone changed.  Cell phones went from big and heavy devices to light weight and small. These 2G phones were faster and better because they worked on radio signals.  Eventually analog service became obsolete. The improvements made the demand for a cell phone expand rapidly.  The advancements paved the way for PDA devices. 

            Cell phones presently are 3G or third generation.  The wave of technology increased subscribers and usage.  More people will become dependent on cell phones for work, school and life. During this era cell phones will be able to text, sms, and send emails, steam video’s and use Wi-Fi over air waves. The use of sms and text messaging will become popular with teens and young adults.  Now it’s so common to see someone with a cell phone or PDA.   Charts show how subscribers have tripled since the 80’s.  Teenagers make up a large number of users presently. While 75% of teens own phones, 25% do not own cell phones and 54% of teens will text from their cell phone and check Facebook daily.   Adult subscriber’s text, email and Facebook, but most use their phones for more important use. 





            In conclusion evolution of the cell phone changed due to improvements in Technology.  The cell phone would become light weight and portable for daily use.  The cell phone improvements like text, sms, streaming videos, and Wi-Fi would increase subscribers among teens and young adults. The evolution made cell phones more user friendly and accessible for all.  Society would become dependent on cell phones for life.











Monday, April 9, 2012

Project 3 Worldview Moneyball














                                                                      Project Planning 3







                                                                        Sherrell Johnson







                                                                             Rhet 1311

















Synopsis:

The movie I decided to review is “Moneyball”.  This film was written by Steven Zaillian and directed by Bennett Miller in 2011.  The cast consisted of Brad Pitt, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Jonah Hill, Robin Wright and others.  This movie is based on a true story.  “Moneyball” is about taking chances and taking on the system.  Brad Pitt stars as Billy Bean the general manager for the Oakland A’s.  He is determined that he can form a winning baseball team based on stats.  The team is formed on a tight budget and he plans to outsmart the other leagues with his rare thinking and beliefs that he can actually win a season based on stats.  He teams up with an Ivy League grad Peter Brand (Jonah Hill) to recruit injured, unemployed, and the least expensive baseball players he can assemble to form a winning baseball team.

My review about the movie “Moneyball” is that it’s a great movie that I enjoyed watching but at times I did become bored.  I think Brad Pitt did a great job playing Billy Bean, but it wasn’t believable for me.  I think the general manager should have been someone different someone more seasoned as an actor.  Brad Pitt just didn’t look like a general manager to me.  Overall Pitt did do a good job.  I found the use of stats to form a team very interesting. I was shocked to find out that this movie was based on a true story and that this really did work.  Billy Bean and Peter Brand set out to show the other baseball teams that you can use statics in baseball. Peter Brand  was a strong believer of Bill James, a marginal figure who began publishing this method in 1977.

James offered a new way of looking at the game by breaking down numbers in another way.  The objective findings were his opinions initially.  He called this new approach sabermetrics.  James finds potential in unappreciated players, ignored players, underpaid players and the least popular players.  Most general managers or coaches would overlook these players because they could not see a win with these athletes. Another secondary theme about this movie was Billy’s personal life and growth with his daughter. This was important worldview because it inspired family and team success.  As Bean embraced the system, he would soon realize why he never made it to the majors.  As they form a new team, players are traded, bought, and sold to make room for the new players.  Bean would go and find injured players who hadn’t played in years.  He helped these men by giving them a chance to be an athlete again and believing in them when no one else would.  Bean would encourage the players and tell them that they could win despite the odds against them. While others laughed at Bean and doubted his method, he stood firm and lead his team.  These men went on and believed that they could and they did win the series. 



Analysis questions and answers:

1.      What worldview and underlying assumptions are being portrayed in this movie?  The worldview and underlying assumptions being portrayed are that baseball teams can be formed using statistics rather than the more common methods of choosing athletes to build a winning team.

2.      Is the worldview accurate? Logical? Consistent?  I think the worldview is accurate because this was based on a true story that really happened and produced a winning team.

3.      What principles undergird the focus of this film?  The main principle that undergrids the film is the line “one scout insists that an ugly girlfriend means that a player doesn’t have confidence”, but doesn’t have the tools to fix the issue.

4.      If the claim of or principles underlying this film are accurate, what are likely to follow?  The principle question is “a player with an ugly girlfriend has no confidence, but doesn’t have the tools to fix the problem.  Meaning players injured or feeling like they have no worth feel they have nothing to offer. In the movie some of the players thought it was a joke when they asked to join the team after being injured. They felt they had nothing else to offer as a baseball player.

5.      What does this movie assume?  This movie assumes the claim that a winning baseball team can be formed by using statistics rather than fame or popularity.

6.      If this claim is so, don’t we also have to assume that sabermetrics can work?  We should assume that sabermetrics can really work and it produced a winning team and year.

7.      What point of view is being presented? The point of view is objective.

8.      Why was this message sent?  I believe this message was sent to inform the audience that a baseball team has really been formed based on statistics and produced a winning year end.

9.      What social or ideological message are part of the message’s subtext?  The ideological is that players don’t have to cost the most or have the best season to be on a team and win.

10.  What was omitted from the message?  The message omits the idea that people who have money don’t necessarily want to spend their money to win.

Analysis:

     “Moneyball” offers the viewer some different opinions about the statistics system.  The viewer can either believe the program will work or doubt the system.  The movie shows a lot of doubt but then the doubt starts to sway as the team begins to win.  Not only was it the stats system but it was also the respect and the dignity that the men gained from Bean. He failed to relate with his players earliar in the movie, but as time progressed he realized how important his words of encouragement meant.  He coached them and made them feel like they were worth something, which made them want to try harder to win. Despite all the obstacles and the doubt of the league the players went on to win. Bean is telling the viewer that general managers don’t have to always go for the best players or spend the most money to have a winning team.